Antibiotics are one of the most powerful tools in medicine, designed specifically to fight bacterial infections. However, they are often misunderstood, and their overuse can lead to dangerous consequences like antibiotic resistance. Knowing when antibiotics are truly necessary—and when they are not—can protect your health and preserve the effectiveness of these medications for the future.

What Antibiotics Can and Cannot Do

Antibiotics ONLY treat bacterial infections, such as:

• Strep throat


• Whooping cough


• Urinary tract infections (UTIs)

Some bacterial infections can even get better on their own, including many sinus infections and certain ear infections.

However, antibiotics are completely ineffective against viruses, which cause illnesses like:

• Colds and runny noses (even if mucus is thick, yellow, or green)


• Most sore throats (except for strep throat)


• Flu


• Most cases of chest colds (bronchitis)

For more detailed information about the dos and don’ts of antibiotics, visit the CDC’s Antibiotic Use Guidelines.

If your symptoms include a persistent cough, you may want to learn more about possible causes and treatments by visiting our guide on Cough and Lung Health.

Why Taking Antibiotics for Viral Infections is Harmful

When you take antibiotics for viral infections, not only will they fail to help you feel better, but they may also lead to:

1. Unnecessary Side Effects – Antibiotics can cause unwanted side effects like nausea, diarrhea, or even allergic reactions.


2. Antibiotic Resistance – Overusing antibiotics allows bacteria to adapt and become resistant, making infections harder to treat when antibiotics are truly needed.

What Should You Do When You’re Sick?

If you’re experiencing symptoms of an illness, consult your doctor to determine whether your infection is bacterial or viral. Your doctor might recommend supportive care, such as:

• Rest and hydration


• Over-the-counter medications to relieve symptoms


• Monitoring symptoms to see if they worsen

By using antibiotics only when necessary, you protect your health and help ensure these medications remain effective for years to come.

Antibiotics are lifesaving when used appropriately, but they are not the answer to every illness. Always seek professional guidance before starting any treatment.